Nokia 4A0-116 Dumps Questions [2023] Pass for 4A0-116 Exam
Updated Nokia Study Guide 4A0-116 Dumps Questions
NEW QUESTION 25
Which of the following statements about the operation of seamless-BFD is FALSE?
- A. Seamless-BFD responses are sent back using the LSP label stack.
- B. To be able to respond to seamless-BFD messages, a router must be configured as a reflector.
- C. The routing protocol (OSPF or IS-IS) is used to carry the reflector discriminator information.
- D. A seamless-BFD template needs to be configured on the head-end of the LSP.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Seamless-BFD is a mechanism that allows the detection of faults in MPLS LSPs more quickly by using BFD (Bidirectional Forwarding Detection) protocol. Seamless-BFD responses are sent back using the MPLS data-plane, not the LSP label stack.
NEW QUESTION 26
Based on the exhibit, and given that the system IP address of router RIO is 10.10.10.10, which of the following statements is FALSE?
- A. Router RIO participates in flex-algo instance 130.
- B. Router Rl participates in at least two flex-algo instances.
- C. The underlying routing protocol being used in the network for segment routing is IS-IS.
- D. The Node-SID assigned to router RIO for flex-algo instance 129 is 524338.
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION 27
The exhibit highlights in blue the primary path of a segment going from router S to router D.
The exhibit also shows a backup path. The protected link fails and fast re-route is triggered on router S. If the backup path has been calculated using standard LFA, how many SIDs are included in the label stack of the data packet forwarded to router R1?
- A. 0
- B. 1
- C. 2
- D. 3
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION 28
Which of the following is NOT one of the main goals of traffic engineering?
- A. Using the shortest possible path through the network to the destination.
- B. Avoiding potential congestion points in the network.
- C. Defining traffic paths based on various constraints.
- D. Utilizing redundant links.
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION 29
Which of the following is not required to be advertised by a router participating in Segment Routing?
- A. Local Node-SID
- B. SRGB when SRv6 is configured
- C. Adjacency-SIDs
- D. Support for SR-MPLS for IPv4 or IPv6, or SRv6
Answer: B
Explanation:
SRGB when SRv6 is configured: This is not required to be advertised, SRGB(Segment Routing Global Block) is only used for SR-MPLS and is not needed when SRv6 is configured. Instead, SRv6 uses the IANA-assigned IPv6 address space.
NEW QUESTION 30
Which of the following statements about Segment Routing is FALSE?
- A. A link-state IGP is required to distribute SID information.
- B. No path signaling is required to establish an SR tunnel.
- C. Intermediate routers do not maintain any tunnel informal
- D. For TE-constrained tunnels, each data packet typically carries a single MPLS label to specify the tunnel path.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Intermediate routers do not maintain any tunnel informal: this statement is false, Intermediate routers do maintain tunnel information, such as the Forwarding Information Base (FIB) to forward the packets according to the path specified in the packets.
NEW QUESTION 31
Which of the following is an advantage of enabling label stack reduction for a CSPF-calculated path, as compared to using plain CSPF?
- A. The routers in the calculated path can take advantage of ECMP to better distribute the traffic load.
- B. The path calculation can be delegated to an external path computation element (PCE).
- C. There is a larger list of traffic-engineering constraint types that can be imposed on the LSP path.
- D. The number of hops included in the end-to-end path is reduced.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Once a path is associated with an LSP, it cannot be used by other LSPs is False. A path can be used by multiple LSPs, but each LSP can have different attributes like bandwidth, priority and other constraints.
NEW QUESTION 32
Based on the exhibit, which of the following is a viable option for the Path Computation Element (PCE) to obtain all the necessary topology and traffic-engineering information from the network, so that it can calculate LSP paths on behalf of the PE routers?
- A. Establishing BGP sessions using the BGP-LS address family with routers R3 and R4
- B. Establishing IGP adjacencies with routers R1 and R2
- C. Establishing a BGP session using the BGP-LS address family with router R3
- D. Establishing an IGP adjacency with router R2
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION 33
The exhibit shows the fast re-route configuration on router R1, in which both R-LFA and TI-LFA have been enabled. Assume that there are multiple potential backup paths for a given prefix. Which of the following options will router R1 use?
- A. A standard LFA path that would not coincide with the path after IGP re-convergence.
- B. A D-LFA path that would coincide with the path after IGP re-convergence.
- C. An R-LFA path that would not coincide with the path after IGP re-convergence.
- D. A D-LFA path that would not coincide with the path after IGP re-convergence.
Answer: B
Explanation:
The exhibit shows that both R-LFA and TI-LFA have been enabled on router R1. R-LFA (Remote Loop-Free Alternate) is a method that is used to protect the active segment of a tunnel, and it allows the router to find a backup path that coincides with the path that will become active after IGP reconvergence. TI-LFA (Topology Independent LFA) is a method that is used to protect an end-to-end multi-segment tunnel, it allows the router to find a backup path that does not rely on the IGP topology, but on the segment routing topology.
With R-LFA and TI-LFA enabled, router R1 will use a D-LFA (Dual-Loop-Free Alternate) path, which is a combination of both R-LFA and TI-LFA, this path will coincide with the path after IGP re-convergence.
A standard LFA, R-LFA, and D-LFA which do not coincide with the path after IGP re-convergence are not the options.
NEW QUESTION 34
Based upon the exhibit, which of the following statements regarding the configuration is FALSE?
- A. Traffic engineering information will only be advertised for the interfaces that have both MPLS and RSVP enabled.
- B. Traffic engineering has been enabled on this router.
- C. The Node-SID assigned to this router is the second label in the defined range.
- D. Adjacency-SID labels will not be advertised as they have not been defined under the physical interfaces.
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION 35
Which of the following steps is NOT required when configuring IS-IS to support Segment Routing?
- A. MPLS label range reserved for Segment Routing.
- B. Enable interfaces used for Segment Routing under
- C. The Segment Routing Global Block range.
- D. The flooding scope of Segment Routing information.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Enable interfaces used for Segment Routing under: This step is not required, enabling interfaces used for Segment Routing is not necessary as the IS-IS protocol already takes care of the flooding of the routing information.
NEW QUESTION 36
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of using a PCE for the computation of TE-constrained LSP paths, as compared to using CSPF locally on the PE router?
- A. The ability to create LSP paths with bandwidth reservation
- B. The ability to ensure that some LSP paths are disjoint
- C. The ability to create LSPs with primary and secondary paths
- D. The ability to create cross-area TE-constrained LSP paths
Answer: A
Explanation:
PCE does not have the capability to reserve bandwidth, This is a function of a Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) or a Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) and is done locally on the PE.
PCE can have advantages such as:
The ability to create cross-area TE-constrained LSP paths
The ability to create LSPs with primary and secondary paths
The ability to ensure that some LSP paths are disjoint
it can be used to optimize the path computation by centralizing the path calculation and by taking into account a global view of the network.
NEW QUESTION 37
In the context of a network that includes a Path Computation Element (PCE), what is a PCC-initiated LSP?
- A. An LSP for which the initial path is calculated by the head-end router.
- B. An LSP for which the path repairs and re-optimizations must be triggered by the head-end router.
- C. An LSP that needs to be explicitly configured on the head-end router.
- D. An LSP whose existence and state are reported to the PCE.
Answer: D
Explanation:
A PCC-initiated LSP is an LSP that is established and controlled by the PCC (Path Computation Client) which is typically a head-end router. The PCC sends LSP setup and teardown requests to the PCE and also reports the existence and state of the LSPs to the PCE. The PCE then uses this information to perform path computation and to monitor the state of the LSPs.
NEW QUESTION 38
An SR-TE LSP with a path definition that includes router R4 as a loose hop and for which Seamless-BFD has been enabled is following the path shown in the exhibit. What happens after router R4 fails if the routers along the path follow the default behavior?
- A. The head end will continue forwarding traffic to the current next-hop indefinitely, which will be discarded at the point of failure.
- B. The head end will periodically try to calculate a new path at a rate defined by the retry timer.
- C. The head end will periodically try to calculate a new path at a rate defined by the resignal timer.
- D. The head end will continue forwarding traffic to the current next-hop indefinitely, and R2 will redirect the traffic to R3 after IGP reconvergence.
Answer: A
Explanation:
When an SR-TE LSP with Seamless-BFD enabled, the BFD sessions are established between the routers along the path to detect any failures quickly. If a failure happens in the path, the router will stop forwarding the traffic and send a BFD control packet to the head-end router. In this case, R4 failed, BFD sessions will detect the failure and send a message to the head-end router, but since R4 is a loose hop, the path doesn't have to be re-calculate. The head-end router will continue forwarding traffic to the current next-hop, R2, which will be discarded at the point of failure (R4) as it doesn't know about the failure. And the traffic will not be redirected to R3 after IGP reconvergence.
NEW QUESTION 39
Which of the following statements about the Path Computation Element (PCE) is FALSE?
- A. A stateless PCE can calculate cross-area traffic-engineering-constrained LSP paths.
- B. A stateful PCE can allow LSPs to reserve bandwidth.
- C. The PCE can obtain topology and traffic-engineering information from the network using either a link-state IGP or BGP-LS.
- D. A stateful PCE proactively monitors all the existing LSPs and triggers the necessary repairs and re-optimizations.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Stateful PCE can monitor the existing LSPs and trigger necessary repairs and re-optimizations, but it does not have the capability to reserve bandwidth.
NEW QUESTION 40
A router participating in SR-TE is advertising a value of Ox11 for the admin-group membership of one of its interfaces. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
- A. The interface belongs to four different admin groups.
- B. The interface belongs to admin group RED, configured with a value of 17.
- C. The interface belongs to three different admin groups.
- D. The interface belongs to two different admin groups.
Answer: D
Explanation:
In SR-TE, the admin-group is represented by a 32-bit value, where each bit represents a different admin-group. The value Ox11 in binary is 000100010001, which has two bits set to 1, indicating that the interface belongs to two different admin groups. The exact admin-groups that the interface belongs to depends on how the admin-groups have been configured on the router.
NEW QUESTION 41
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